Diabetes in Cats

Diabetes in cats is an increasingly common endocrine disorder that mirrors the complexity and urgency of human diabetes. This condition primarily affects middle-aged and older cats, often those who are overweight. Just as in humans, feline diabetes involves the inability to produce enough insulin or to use it effectively, leading to elevated glucose levels in the blood. The signs of diabetes in cats can be subtle at first but typically include increased thirst and urination, weight loss despite an increased appetite, and lethargy. Early diagnosis and proper management are critical and can significantly enhance the quality of life for affected cats. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of diabetes in cats, providing cat owners with essential information to recognize and address this serious condition effectively.

At Peterborough West Animal Hospital one of our least favorite diagnoses to make in cats is diabetes. The veterinarians have a dislike for feline diabetes because of two indisputable facts:

1. It’s largely preventable
2. It can be a real challenge to treat for many owners

Fortunately, diabetes is also one of those diseases that benefits from early detection. Here are Peterborough West Animal Hospital’s top five reasons you need to test your cat early and often for diabetes:

1. Diabetic remission

One of the most interesting aspects of feline diabetes is its potential reversibility or remission, especially when diagnosed in the earliest stages. The doctors at Peterborough West Animal Hospital have seen many cats weaned off insulin when diagnosis and treatment was initiated quickly. Research has shown up to 60% of cats will experience diabetic remission within the first few months of treatment. Combining strict blood sugar regulation with precise insulin therapy, changes in diet and weight loss are a recipe for reversing diabetes in many cats. Some cats will remain diabetes-free for many months to years. Drs. Sargent, Giffen and Purvis’ advice is to have blood work and urinalysis performed at least yearly or twice yearly if you have an elderly and/or an overweight feline.

2. It’s more than high blood sugar

Many cat owners focus solely on blood sugar levels. That’s good, but too often we forget the continuous and severe damage hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) is causing throughout the body. The longer diabetes goes unchecked, the more potentially irreversible damage occurs. Prolonged high blood sugar levels can lead to nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy that typically causes weakness in the rear legs), chronic infections (especially urinary tract and skin), and loss of lean muscle mass resulting in weakness and wasting. It is well recognized that untreated diabetes may cause a life-threatening emergency condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. The sad reality is that too many cat owners fail to recognize diabetes until their cat has lost a tremendous amount of weight. Early diagnosis can preserve precious vital tissues and prolong health.

3. The litter box connection

Let’s face it; most cat owners rarely see their cat drinking water. That’s perfectly normal because, well, cats don’t drink that much in the first place. This means looking out for the classic diabetic symptom of “excessive thirst” in cats is harder. A better sign to look for is more frequent urination and wetter, heavier litter. If you suddenly notice you have to change the litter box more frequently, call the team at Peterborough West Animal Hospital to book an appointment to have your cat checked out immediately. While we’re talking about urination, if your cat suffers from chronic urinary tract infections, be sure to ask one of our veterinarians at Peterborough West Animal Hospital about screening for diabetes. One final “pee-note:” diabetes should always be ruled-out in cases of inappropriate elimination such as “accidents” on the bed or rugs. Unfortunately our veterinarians have seen one too many cats misidentified with a “behavior problem” when the correct cause was a disease such as diabetes.

4. The risk of excess fat

The team at Peterborough West Animal Hospital wants you to be aware of the link between excess fat and diabetes in cats (and dogs as well). The fact is that fat cats are at a much higher risk of developing diabetes than a lean cat. Diabetes is a disease commonly created at the food bowl. If your cat is overweight or obese, have him screened for diabetes twice a year. Blood tests are best, but even a simple urinalysis can aid in diagnosing diabetes. The great news is that when diagnosed early and weight loss programs are implemented, many cats will undergo diabetic remission.

5. Longer, better life

The real reason to test your cat early and often for diabetes is to prolong a high quality of life. The American Association of Feline Practitioners also warns that cats being diagnosed with diabetes are increasing. Don’t delay bringing your cat in to see the veterinarians at Peterborough West Animal Hospital if s/he is drinking or urinating more, has “accidents” in the house, suddenly changes eating habits, or inexplicably loses weight. For older cats, regular checkups are especially important. Learn more about what to expect during these visits in our article on A Senior Cat Checkup: What to Expect.

Diabetes in cats is one of the least favorite diagnoses at Peterborough West Animal Hospital, but detecting it early can significantly uplift our doctors. Regular screening, at least once or twice a year, is the only method to identify diabetes in cats promptly. We encourage you to bring your feline companion to Peterborough West Animal Hospital for consistent wellness blood and urine tests. Our Veterinary Wellness & Pet Vaccinations service includes comprehensive health checks that encompass diabetes screening for cats. By working together, we can support your cat in achieving a long, healthy, and joyful life.

If you have any questions or concerns, you should always visit or call Peterborough West Animal Hospital at 705-745-4800

Managing Diabetes in Cats in 2024: Home Monitoring, Remission Factors, and Dietary Recommendations

How can cat owners monitor their pet’s blood glucose levels at home?

Cat owners can effectively monitor their pet’s blood glucose levels at home using a glucometer specifically designed for cats. These devices require only a small blood sample, usually taken from the ear or paw pad, and provide immediate results. It’s advisable to perform these tests in a calm environment to avoid stress-related spikes in glucose readings. Regular home testing can complement veterinary check-ups, offering a proactive approach to managing a cat’s health and potentially detecting diabetes early. Instructions for proper technique and frequency should be discussed with a veterinarian.

What factors contribute to the possibility of diabetic remission?

Diabetic remission in cats is significantly influenced by early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. The successful weaning of cats off insulin is often achievable through a combination of strict blood sugar regulation, precise insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and weight management. Studies have indicated that up to 60% of cats can enter remission within the initial months of treatment, provided these steps are followed diligently. Regular veterinary check-ups, including blood work and urinalysis, are crucial for early detection and management, enhancing the likelihood of reversing diabetes.

How often should diabetic cats visit the veterinarian for check-ups?

Diabetic cats require regular veterinary check-ups to manage their condition effectively. It is recommended that they undergo wellness blood and urine tests at least once or twice a year to monitor their health closely. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve their chances of remission and reduce complications. More frequent visits may be necessary if the cat is elderly, overweight, or if symptoms worsen, ensuring optimal management of their diabetes and overall health.

What specific dietary recommendations are there for diabetic cats (e.g., low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets)?

For diabetic cats, a dietary approach focusing on low carbohydrate and high protein content is recommended to help manage blood sugar levels and promote overall health. This type of diet aids in achieving better glucose control and can potentially lead to remission of the diabetes, especially when combined with regular insulin therapy. Significant emphasis is placed on weight management, as obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes in cats. Implementing a structured weight loss program with these dietary changes can enhance the effectiveness of diabetes treatment and improve the cat’s quality of life.

What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and what are its symptoms?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body starts breaking down fats at an increased rate due to insufficient insulin, leading to a buildup of acids in the bloodstream known as ketones. Symptoms of DKA in cats include excessive thirst and urination, dehydration, lethargy, vomiting, and a noticeable decrease in appetite. Without prompt veterinary intervention, DKA can lead to more severe complications, including coma and even death, highlighting the importance of early detection and management of diabetes in feline patients.

Contact us, your local animal hospital in Cavan Monaghan, ON!